Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase is a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme which exists in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial forms, GOT1 and GOT2, respectively. GOT plays a role in amino acid metabolism and the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The two enzymes are homodimeric and show close homology. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Function: Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H2S via the action of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Hydrogen sulfide is an important synaptic modulator and neuroprotectant in the brain. Ref.9

Catalytic activity: L-aspartate + 2-oxoglutarate = oxaloacetate + L-glutamate.L-cysteine + 2-oxoglutarate = mercaptopyruvate + L-glutamate.

Cofactor: Pyridoxal phosphate.

Subunit structure: Homodimer. Ref.13

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm Ref.1.

Polymorphism: Genetic variations in GOT1 are associated with low serum aspartate aminotransferase and define the aspartate aminotransferase serum level quantitative trait locus 1 (ASTQTL1) [

MIM:614419].

Miscellaneous: In eukaryotes there are cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isozymes.Aspartate aminotransferase activity found to be increased in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer disease (Ref.9). Fetal serum levels of the enzyme in the umbilical artery and vein are found to be significantly higher than maternal serum levels (Ref.12).

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.