PDGFR-beta Antibody – Mouse Monoclonal

This gene encodes a cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the platelet-derived growth factor family. These growth factors are mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. The identity of the growth factor bound to a receptor monomer determines whether the functional receptor is a homodimer or a heterodimer, composed of both platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta polypeptides. This gene is flanked on chromosome 5 by the genes for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor; all three genes may be implicated in the 5-q syndrome. A translocation between chromosomes 5 and 12, that fuses this gene to that of the translocation, ETV6, leukemia gene, results in chronic myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Function: Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD and for heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB, and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, chemotaxis and migration. Plays an essential role in blood vessel development by promoting proliferation, migration and recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells. Plays a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointima at vascular injury sites. Required for normal development of the cardiovascular system. Required for normal recruitment of pericytes (mesangial cells) in the kidney glomerulus, and for normal formation of a branched network of capillaries in kidney glomeruli. Promotes rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of membrane ruffles. Binding of its cognate ligands - homodimeric PDGFB, heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB or homodimeric PDGFD -leads to the activation of several signaling cascades; the response depends on the nature of the bound ligand and is modulated by the formation of heterodimers between PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Phosphorylates PLCG1, PIK3R1, PTPN11, RASA1/GAP, CBL, SHC1 and NCK1. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+ and the activation of protein kinase C. Phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leads to the activation of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Phosphorylation of SHC1, or of the C-terminus of PTPN11, creates a binding site for GRB2, resulting in the activation of HRAS, RAF1 and down-stream MAP kinases, including MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. Promotes phosphorylation and activation of SRC family kinases. Promotes phosphorylation of PDCD6IP/ALIX and STAM. Receptor signaling is down-regulated by protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate the receptor and its down-stream effectors, and by rapid internalization of the activated receptor. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.29 Ref.30 Ref.38 Ref.39 Ref.40 Ref.41 Ref.42 Ref.43

Catalytic activity: ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate. Ref.13 Ref.18 Ref.39

Enzyme regulation: Present in an inactive conformation in the absence of bound ligand. Binding of PDGFB and/or PDGFD leads to dimerization and activation by autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues. Inhibited by imatinib. Ref.34

Subunit structure: Interacts with homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD, and with heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB. May also interact with homodimeric PDGFC. Monomer in the absence of bound ligand. Interaction with homodimeric PDGFB, heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB or homodimeric PDGFD, leads to receptor dimerization, where both PDGFRA homodimers and heterodimers with PDGFRB are observed. Interacts with SH2B2/APS. Interacts directly (tyrosine phosphorylated) with SHB. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with PIK3R1. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with CBL. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with SRC and SRC family kinases. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with PIK3C2B, maybe indirectly. Interacts (tyrosine phosphorylated) with SHC1, GRB7, GRB10 and NCK1. Interaction with GRB2 is mediated by SHC1. Interacts (via C-terminus) with SLC9A3R1. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.19 Ref.20 Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23 Ref.25 Ref.26 Ref.28 Ref.29 Ref.37 Ref.42 Ref.49 Ref.50

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Lysosome lumen. Note: After ligand binding, the autophosphorylated receptor is ubiquitinated and internalized, leading to its degradation. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.10 Ref.13 Ref.37 Ref.39

Post-translational modification: Autophosphorylated on tyrosine residues upon ligand binding. Autophosphorylation occurs in trans, i.e. one subunit of the dimeric receptor phosphorylates tyrosine residues on the other subunit. Phosphorylation at Tyr-579, and to a lesser degree, at Tyr-581, is important for interaction with SRC family kinases. Phosphorylation at Tyr-740 and Tyr-751 is important for interaction with PIK3R1. Phosphorylation at Tyr-751 is important for interaction with NCK1. Phosphorylation at Tyr-771 and Tyr-857 is important for interaction with RASA1/GAP. Phosphorylation at Tyr-857 is important for efficient phosphorylation of PLCG1 and PTPN11, resulting in increased phosphorylation of AKT1, MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, PDCD6IP/ALIX and STAM, and in increased cell proliferation. Phosphorylation at Tyr-1009 is important for interaction with PTPN11. Phosphorylation at Tyr-1009 and Tyr-1021 is important for interaction with PLCG1. Phosphorylation at Tyr-1021 is important for interaction with CBL; PLCG1 and CBL compete for the same binding site. Dephosphorylated by PTPRJ at Tyr-751, Tyr-857, Tyr-1009 and Tyr-1021. Dephosphorylated by PTPN2 at Tyr-579 and Tyr-1021. Ref.1 Ref.2 Ref.9 Ref.12 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.18 Ref.27 Ref.35 Ref.36 Ref.39N-glycosylated. Ref.2 Ref.50Ubiquitinated. After autophosphorylation, the receptor is polyubiquitinated, leading to its degradation. Ref.16 Ref.37

Involvement in disease: A chromosomal aberration involving PDGFRB is found in a form of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Translocation t(5;12)(q33;p13) with EVT6/TEL. It is characterized by abnormal clonal myeloid proliferation and by progression to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).Myeloproliferative disorder chronic with eosinophilia (MPE) [MIM:131440]: A hematologic disorder characterized by malignant eosinophils proliferation.Note: The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis. Chromosomal aberrations involving PDGFRB have been found in many instances of chronic myeloproliferative disorder with eosinophilia. Translocation t(5;12) with ETV6 on chromosome 12 creating an PDGFRB-ETV6 fusion protein (Ref.31). Translocation t(5;15)(q33;q22) with TP53BP1 creating a PDGFRB-TP53BP1 fusion protein (Ref.34). Translocation t(1;5)(q23;q33) that forms a PDE4DIP-PDGFRB fusion protein (Ref.32). Translocation t(5;6)(q33-34;q23) with CEP85L that fuses the 5'-end of CEP85L (isoform 4)to the 3'-end of PDGFRB (Ref.6).Leukemia, acute myelogenous (AML) [MIM:601626]: A subtype of acute leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells. AML is a malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by maturational arrest of hematopoietic precursors at an early stage of development. Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts occurs in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myelogenous leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes.Note: The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis. A chromosomal aberration involving PDGFRB has been found in a patient with AML. Translocation t(5;14)(q33;q32) with TRIP11 (Ref.24).Leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic (JMML) [MIM:607785]: An aggressive pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative disorder characterized by malignant transformation in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment with proliferation of differentiated progeny. Patients have splenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes, rashes, and hemorrhages.Note: The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis. A chromosomal aberration involving PDGFRB has been found in a patient with JMML. Translocation t(5;17)(q33;p11.2) with SPECC1 (Ref.33).Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 4 (IBGC4) [MIM:615007]: A form of basal ganglia calcification, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by symmetric calcification in the basal ganglia and other brain regions. Affected individuals can either be asymptomatic or show a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, including parkinsonism, dystonia, tremor, ataxia, dementia, psychosis, seizures, and chronic headache. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone are normal. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is vascular and pericapillary calcification, mainly of calcium phosphate, in the affected brain areas.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.54Myofibromatosis, infantile 1 (IMF1) [MIM:228550]: A rare mesenchymal disorder characterized by the development of benign tumors in the skin, striated muscles, bones, and, more rarely, visceral organs. Subcutaneous or soft tissue nodules commonly involve the skin of the head, neck, and trunk. Skeletal and muscular lesions occur in about half of the patients. Lesions may be solitary or multicentric, and they may be present at birth or become apparent in early infancy or occasionally in adult life. Visceral lesions are associated with high morbidity and mortality.Note: The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Ref.52 Ref.53

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. CSF-1/PDGF receptor subfamily.Contains 5 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domains.Contains 1 protein kinase domain.