CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 (CX3CR1) ELISA Kit for Human

Fractalkine is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for fractalkine. The encoded protein also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

CX3CR1: Receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine and mediates both its adhesive and migratory functions. Acts as coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 virus envelope protein (in vitro). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 seem to be more potent HIV-1 coreceptors than isoform 1. Defects in CX3CR1 are a cause of susceptibility to age- related macular degeneration type 12 (ARMD12). ARMD12 is a form of age-related macular degeneration, a multifactorial eye disease and the most common cause of irreversible vision loss in the developed world. In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid that lie beneath the retinal pigment epithelium and within an elastin-containing structure known as Bruch membrane. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Membrane protein, multi-pass; GPCR, family 1; Cell adhesion; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Membrane protein, integral; Receptor, GPCR; Receptor, cytokine

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3p21.3

Cellular Component: integral to plasma membrane; neuron projection; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity; chemokine receptor activity; protein binding

Biological Process: cell adhesion; cellular defense response; cerebral cortex cell migration; chemotaxis; G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; macrophage chemotaxis; memory; microglial cell activation during immune response; negative regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of cell migration; negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus; positive regulation of angiogenesis; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; response to wounding; viral reproduction

Disease: Coronary Heart Disease, Susceptibility To, 1; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Susceptibility To; Macular Degeneration, Age-related, 12