Neprilysin/CD10 (MME) Active Protein

This gene encodes a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This protein is present on leukemic cells of pre-B phenotype, which represent 85% of cases of ALL. This protein is not restricted to leukemic cells, however, and is found on a variety of normal tissues. It is a glycoprotein that is particularly abundant in kidney, where it is present on the brush border of proximal tubules and on glomerular epithelium. The protein is a neutral endopeptidase that cleaves peptides at the amino side of hydrophobic residues and inactivates several peptide hormones including glucagon, enkephalins, substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. This gene, which encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, exists in a single copy of greater than 45 kb. The 5' untranslated region of this gene is alternatively spliced, resulting in four separate mRNA transcripts. The coding region is not affected by alternative splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CD10: Thermolysin-like specificity, but is almost confined on acting on polypeptides of up to 30 amino acids. Biologically important in the destruction of opioid peptides such as Met- and Leu-enkephalins by cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond. Able to cleave angiotensin-1, angiotensin-2 and angiotensin 1-9. Involved in the degradation of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Displays UV- inducible elastase activity toward skin preelastic and elastic fibers. Inhibited in a dose dependent manner by opiorphin. Belongs to the peptidase M13 family.

Protein type: Protease; EC 3.4.24.11; Membrane protein, integral

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3q25.2

Cellular Component: synaptic vesicle; focal adhesion; integral to plasma membrane; axon; cytoplasm; dendrite; plasma membrane; integral to membrane; synapse; brush border

Molecular Function: protein binding; zinc ion binding; metalloendopeptidase activity; endopeptidase activity; exopeptidase activity; peptide binding

Biological Process: cellular protein metabolic process; peptide metabolic process; beta-amyloid metabolic process; creatinine metabolic process; angiotensin maturation; sensory perception of pain; kidney development; proteolysis

Disease: Membranous Nephropathy, Susceptibility To