Xanthine Dehydrogenase (XDH) ELISA Kit for Mouse

This gene encodes a member of the xanthine dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein exists as two distinct enzymatic forms, either as xanthine dehydrogenase, or as xanthine oxidase, and functions in purine degradation. Additional studies also suggest a role in adipogenesis, and a function as a structural protein in milk fat droplets in the lactating mammary gland. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

XDH: Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro). Defects in XDH are the cause of xanthinuria type 1 (XU1). Xanthinuria is characterized by excretion of very large amounts of xanthine in the urine and a tendency to form xanthine stones. Uric acid is strikingly diminished in serum and urine. XU1 is due to isolated xanthine dehydrogenase. XU1 patients can metabolize allopurinol. Belongs to the xanthine dehydrogenase family.

Protein type: Secondary Metabolites Metabolism - caffeine; EC 1.17.1.4; Xenobiotic Metabolism - drug metabolism - other enzymes; Oxidoreductase; Nucleotide Metabolism - purine; EC 1.17.3.2

Cellular Component: extracellular space; sarcoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm; extracellular region; peroxisome; cytosol

Molecular Function: 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding; protein homodimerization activity; FAD binding; molybdenum ion binding; metal ion binding; iron-sulfur cluster binding; oxidoreductase activity; xanthine oxidase activity; oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors; molybdopterin cofactor binding; UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase activity; protein binding; oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors; electron carrier activity; iron ion binding; xanthine dehydrogenase activity; catalytic activity

Biological Process: caspase activation; lactation; xanthine catabolic process; negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation; regulation of epithelial cell differentiation; negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; response to aluminum ion; bone resorption