Exostosin-1 (EXT1) Mouse Recombinant Protein

EXT1: Glycosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of heparan-sulfate. The EXT1/EXT2 complex possesses substantially higher glycosyltransferase activity than EXT1 or EXT2 alone. Appears to be a tumor suppressor. Defects in EXT1 are a cause of hereditary multiple exostoses type 1 (EXT1). EXT is a genetically heterogeneous bone disorder caused by genes segregating on human chromosomes 8, 11, and 19 and designated EXT1, EXT2 and EXT3 respectively. EXT is a dominantly inherited skeletal disorder primarily affecting endochondral bone during growth. The disease is characterized by formation of numerous cartilage-capped, benign bone tumors (osteocartilaginous exostoses or osteochondromas) that are often accompanied by skeletal deformities and short stature. In a small percentage of cases exostoses have exhibited malignant transformation resulting in an osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma. Osteochondromas development can also occur as a sporadic event. Defects in EXT1 are a cause of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type 2 (TRPS2). A syndrome that combines the clinical features of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 and multiple exostoses type 1. Affected individuals manifest multiple dysmorphic facial features including large, laterally protruding ears, a bulbous nose, an elongated upper lip, as well as sparse scalp hair, winged scapulae, multiple cartilaginous exostoses, redundant skin, and mental retardation. A chromosomal aberration resulting in the loss of functional copies of TRPS1 and EXT1 has been found in TRPS2 patients. Defects in EXT1 are a cause of chondrosarcoma (CHDSA). It is a malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells. Chondrosarcomas range from slow-growing non-metastasizing lesions to highly aggressive metastasizing sarcomas. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 47 family.

Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Transferase; Membrane protein, integral; Glycan Metabolism - heparan sulfate biosynthesis; Tumor suppressor; EC 2.4.1.225; EC 2.4.1.224

Cellular Component: Golgi apparatus; membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; integral to membrane; integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane

Molecular Function: transferase activity; acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups; protein homodimerization activity; glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; protein heterodimerization activity; glucuronosyltransferase activity; N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity; metal ion binding

Biological Process: glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process; axon guidance; ossification; cellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process; heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process, polysaccharide chain biosynthetic process; olfactory bulb development; heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process; gastrulation; mesoderm development; brain development; endoderm development