Ubiquitin-Like Protein ISG15 (ISG15) Human Recombinant Protein

Ubiquitin-like protein which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection either via its conjugation to a target protein (ISGylation) or via its action as a free or unconjugated protein. ISGylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of ISG15 to a lysine residue in the target protein. Its target proteins include SERPINA3G/SPI2A, JAK1, MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, TRIM25, STAT5A, MAPK1/ERK2 and globin. Can also isgylate: DDX58/RIG-I which inhibits its function in antiviral signaling response and EIF4E2 which enhances its cap structure-binding activity and translation-inhibition activity. Exhibits antiviral activity towards both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza A and B virus, sindbis virus (SV) and herpes simplex type-1 (HHV-1). Plays a significant role in the control of neonatal Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection by acting as a putative immunomodulator of proinflammatory cytokines. Protects mice against the consequences of Chikungunya virus infection by downregulating the pathogenic cytokine response, often denoted as the cytokine storm. Plays a role in erythroid differentiation. The secreted form of ISG15 can: induce natural killer cell proliferation, act as a chotactic factor for neutrophils and act as a IFN-gamma-inducing cytokine playing an essential role in antimycobacterial immunity

Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA encoding an interferon-induced mouse 15-KDa protein.Fahey D. Sequence differences between murine ISG15, human ISG15 and ubiquitin a functional divergence from ubiquitin.Garlie N.K., Haas A.L., D'Cunha J., Schilling D., Knight E. Jr., Borden E.C. Serpin 2a is induced in activated macrophages and conjugates to a ubiquitin homolog.Hamerman J.A., Hayashi F., Schroeder L.A., Gygi S.P., Haas A.L., Hampson L., Coughlin P., Aebersold R., Aderem A.J. Immunol. 168:2415-2423(2002) Identification of a ubiquitin family protein as a novel neutrophil chemotactic factor.Owhashi M., Taoka Y., Ishii K., Nakazawa S., Uemura H., Kambara H.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 309:533-539(2003) High-throughput immunoblotting. Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 modifies key regulators of signal transduction.Malakhov M.P., Kim K.I., Malakhova O.A., Jacobs B.S., Borden E.C., Zhang D.-E.J. Biol. Chem. 278:16608-16613(2003) Identification of interferon-stimulated gene 15 as an antiviral molecule during Sindbis virus infection in vivo.Lenschow D.J., Giannakopoulos N.V., Gunn L.J., Johnston C., O'Guin A.K., Schmidt R.E., Levine B., Virgin H.W. IVJ. Virol. 79:13974-13983(2005) Negative regulation of ISG15 E3 ligase EFP through its autoISGylation.Zou W., Wang J., Zhang D.-E.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 354:321-327(2007) ISG15 modification of the eIF4E cognate 4EHP enhances cap structure-binding activity of 4EHP.Okumura F., Zou W., Zhang D.E.Genes Dev. 21:255-260(2007) IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses.Lenschow D.J., Lai C., Frias-Staheli N., Giannakopoulos N.V., Lutz A., Wolff T., Osiak A., Levine B., Schmidt R.E., Garcia-Sastre A., Leib D.A., Pekosz A., Knobeloch K.P., Horak I., Virgin H.W. IVProc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104:1371-1376(2007) Nitrosylation of ISG15 prevents the disulfide bond-mediated dimerization of ISG15 and contributes to effective ISGylation.Okumura F., Lenschow D.J., Zhang D.E.J. Biol. Chem. 283:24484-24488(2008) Negative feedback regulation of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by interferon-induced ISG15 conjugation.Kim M.J., Hwang S.Y., Imaizumi T., Yoo J.Y.J. Virol. 82:1474-1483(2008) Emerging role of ISG15 in antiviral immunity.Skaug B., Chen Z.J.Cell 143:187-190(2010) ISG15 modulates development of the erythroid lineage.Maragno A.L., Pironin M., Alcalde H., Cong X., Knobeloch K.P., Tangy F., Zhang D.E., Ghysdael J., Quang C.T.PLoS ONE 6:E26068-E26068(2011) ISG15 is critical in the control of Chikungunya virus infection independent of UbE1L mediated conjugation.Werneke S.W., Schilte C., Rohatgi A., Monte K.J., Michault A., Arenzana-Seisdedos F., Vanlandingham D.L., Higgs S., Fontanet A., Albert M.L., Lenschow D.J.PLoS Pathog. 7:E1002322-E1002322(2011) Mycobacterial disease and impaired IFN-gamma immunity in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency.Bogunovic D., Byun M., Durfee L.A., Abhyankar A., Sanal O., Mansouri D., Salem S., Radovanovic I., Grant A.V., Adimi P., Mansouri N., Okada S., Bryant V.L., Kong X.F., Kreins A., Velez M.M., Boisson B., Khalilzadeh S., Ozcelik U., Darazam I.A., Schoggins J.W., Rice C.M., Al-Muhsen S., Behr M., Vogt G., Puel A., Bustamante J., Gros P., Huibregtse J.M., Abel L., Boisson-Dupuis S., Casanova J.L.Science 337:1684-1688(2012)

Small volumes of ISG15 recombinant protein vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. If necessary, briefly centrifuge the vial on a tabletop centrifuge to dislodge any liquid in the container`s cap. Certain products may require to ship with dry ice and additional dry ice fee may apply.

MBS968231 is a recombinant protein targeting ISG15. Also known as Recombinant Human Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. Host: E Coli.