CAD Blocking Peptide

The de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides is required for mammalian cells to proliferate. This gene encodes a trifunctional protein which is associated with the enzymatic activities of the first 3 enzymes in the 6-step pathway of pyrimidine biosynthesis: carbamoylphosphate synthetase (CPS II), aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase. This protein is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which indicates a direct link between activation of the MAPK cascade and de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

CAD: a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes four enzymatic activities of the pyrimidine pathway, including the rate-limiting first step. The four enzymatic activities involved in de novo pyrimidine synthesis are glutamine amidotransferase, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase activities. Provides essential precursors for DNA synthesis. Required for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and cell growth. Phosphorylation by p70S6K promotes CAD oligomerization, stimulating de novo synthesis of pyrimidines and progression through S phase in mammalian cells. Utilizes glutamine, bicarbonate, and aspartic acid to form a pyrimidine ring that is subsequently attached to ribose to generate a pyrimidine.

Protein type: EC 6.3.5.5; EC 2.1.3.2; Transferase; Ligase; Amino Acid Metabolism - alanine, aspartate and glutamate; EC 3.5.2.3; Hydrolase; Nucleotide Metabolism - pyrimidine

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 2p22-p21

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; cell projection; protein complex; nuclear matrix; membrane; cell soma; plasma membrane; terminal button; nucleus; cytosol

Molecular Function: carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity; identical protein binding; enzyme binding; zinc ion binding; carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity; aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity; ATP binding; protein kinase activity; dihydroorotase activity

Biological Process: lactation; organ regeneration; arginine biosynthetic process; nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; heart development; UTP biosynthetic process; peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; glutamine metabolic process; response to testosterone stimulus; female pregnancy; liver development; response to caffeine; 'de novo' pyrimidine base biosynthetic process; response to cortisol stimulus; pyrimidine base metabolic process; pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process; glutamine catabolic process; drug metabolic process; urea cycle; response to amine stimulus

Disease: Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type Iz