TLR2 cDNA Clone – Toll-Like Receptor 2 (Human)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. This protein is a cell-surface protein that can form heterodimers with other TLR family members to recognize conserved molecules derived from microorganisms known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Activation of TLRs by PAMPs leads to an up-regulation of signaling pathways to modulate the host's inflammatory response. This gene is also thought to promote apoptosis in response to bacterial lipoproteins. This gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

TLR2: Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. May also promote apoptosis in response to lipoproteins. Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage- activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor (STF), phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) and B.burgdorferi outer surface protein A lipoprotein (OspA-L) cooperatively with TLR6. Interacts with LY96, TLR1 and TLR6 (via extracellular domain). Binds MYD88 (via TIR domain). Interacts with TICAM1. Ligand binding induces the formation of a heterodimer with TLR1. Interacts with CNPY3. Highly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes, in particular in monocytes, in bone marrow, lymph node and in spleen. Also detected in lung and in fetal liver. Levels are low in other tissues. Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.

Protein type: Apoptosis; Cell surface; Membrane protein, integral; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Receptor, misc.

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q32

Cellular Component: cell surface; cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus; integral to plasma membrane; intrinsic to plasma membrane; lipid raft; plasma membrane

Molecular Function: lipopolysaccharide binding; lipopolysaccharide receptor activity; pattern recognition receptor activity; peptidoglycan binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; receptor activity; triacylated lipoprotein binding

Biological Process: activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; apoptosis; cytokine secretion during immune response; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; detection of diacylated bacterial lipoprotein; detection of triacylated bacterial lipoprotein; I-kappaB phosphorylation; immune response; innate immune response; interleukin-10 production; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of chemokine production; positive regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of interferon-beta production; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of interleukin-18 production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of interleukin-8 production; positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction

Disease: Leprosy, Susceptibility To, 3; Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Susceptibility To