Alpha (TNF) Antibody – Rat Monoclonal

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq]

Function: Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation.

Subunit structure: Homotrimer.

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Tumor necrosis factor, soluble form: Secreted.

Post-translational modification: The soluble form derives from the membrane form by proteolytic processing.The membrane form, but not the soluble form, is phosphorylated on serine residues. Dephosphorylation of the membrane form occurs by binding to soluble TNFRSF1A/TNFR1. Ref.18 Ref.19O-glycosylated; glycans contain galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Ref.15

Polymorphism: Genetic variations in TNF influence susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [

MIM:610424].

Involvement in disease: Genetic variations in TNF are a cause of susceptibility psoriatic arthritis (PSORAS) [

MIM:607507]. PSORAS is an inflammatory, seronegative arthritis associated with psoriasis. It is a heterogeneous disorder ranging from a mild, non-destructive disease to a severe, progressive, erosive arthropathy. Five types of psoriatic arthritis have been defined: asymmetrical oligoarthritis characterized by primary involvement of the small joints of the fingers or toes; asymmetrical arthritis which involves the joints of the extremities; symmetrical polyarthritis characterized by a rheumatoidlike pattern that can involve hands, wrists, ankles, and feet; arthritis mutilans, which is a rare but deforming and destructive condition; arthritis of the sacroiliac joints and spine (psoriatic spondylitis).

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.

Sequence caution: The sequence AAF71992.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Frameshift at positions 91 and 157. The sequence CAA75070.1 differs from that shown. Reason: Erroneous gene model prediction.