BDHA1 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The PDH complex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The E1 enzyme is a heterotetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits. This gene encodes the E1 alpha 1 subunit containing the E1 active site, and plays a key role in the function of the PDH complex. Mutations in this gene are associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency and X-linked Leigh syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

PDHA1: a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, producing acetyl-CoA and CO2. A key enzyme in controlling the balance between lipid and glucose oxidation depending on substrate availability. The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) holoenzyme is a multi-enzyme complex (PDHC) that contains 20-30 copies of pyruvate decarboxylase tetramers (2 alpha:2 beta)(E1), 60 copies of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), six homodimers of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3), plus E3 binding proteins. The activity of PDH is tightly regulated by phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of at least one of three specific serine residues in E1 subunit by PDHK inactivates the PDHC, while dephosphorylation by PDP restores its activity. Sites 1, 2, and 3 of PDHA1 are S293, S300, and S232, respectively. Four PDHK isoenzymes have been described, each with different site specificity: all four phosphorylate sites 1 and 2 but at different rates; for site 1 PDHK2 >PDHK4 >PDHK1 >PDHK3; for site 2, PDHK3> PDHK4 > PDHK2 > PDHK1. Only PDHK1 phosphorylates site 3. PDHA1 deficiency is the most common enzyme defect in patients with primary lactic acidosis.

Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - citrate (TCA) cycle; Carbohydrate Metabolism - glycolysis and gluconeogenesis; Carbohydrate Metabolism - butanoate; Oxidoreductase; EC 1.2.4.1; Carbohydrate Metabolism - pyruvate; Mitochondrial; Amino Acid Metabolism - valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: Xp22.1

Cellular Component: mitochondrion; mitochondrial matrix; pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; nucleus

Molecular Function: pyruvate dehydrogenase activity; pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) activity

Biological Process: cellular metabolic process; acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate; glycolysis; tricarboxylic acid cycle; glucose metabolic process; regulation of acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from pyruvate; pyruvate metabolic process

Disease: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase E1-alpha Deficiency