CARD4 (NOD1) Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes a member of the NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) family. This member is a cytosolic protein. It contains an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), a centrally located nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), and 10 tandem leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) in its C terminus. The CARD is involved in apoptotic signaling, LRRs participate in protein-protein interactions, and mutations in the NBD may affect the process of oligomerization and subsequent function of the LRR domain. This protein is an intracellular pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that initiates inflammation in response to a subset of bacteria through the detection of bacterial diaminopimelic acid. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants differring in the 5' UTR have been described, but the full-length nature of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

Function: Enhances caspase-9-mediated apoptosis. Induces NF-kappa-B activity via RIPK2 and IKK-gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Forms an intracellular sensing system along with ARHGEF2 for the detection of microbial effectors during cell invasion by pathogens. Required for RHOA and RIPK2 dependent NF-kappa-B signaling pathway activation upon S.flexneri cell invasion. Involved not only in sensing peptidoglycan (PGN)-derived muropeptides but also in the activation of NF-kappa-B by Shigella effector proteins IpgB2 and OspB. Recruits NLRP10 to the cell membrane following bacterial infection. Ref.5 Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.11

Subunit structure: Homodimer. Self-associates. Binds to caspase-9 and RIPK2 by CARD-CARD interaction. Interacts with ARHGEF2. Interacts with NLRP10 and recruits it to the cell membrane following invasive bacterial infection. Ref.7 Ref.8 Ref.10 Ref.11 Ref.12

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Apical cell membrane. Basolateral cell membrane. Note: Detected in the cytoplasm and at the cell membrane. Following bacterial infection, localizes to bacterial entry sites in the cell membrane. Recruited to the basolateral and apical membranes in polarized epithelial cells. Ref.6 Ref.7

Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in adult heart, skeletal muscle, pancreas, spleen and ovary. Also detected in placenta, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, testis, small intestine and colon.

Sequence similarities: Contains 1 CARD domain.Contains 9 LRR (leucine-rich) repeats.Contains 1 NACHT domain.