CDC42 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 20. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013]

Function: Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia. Mediates CDC42-dependent cell migration. Ref.21 Ref.22 Ref.23

Enzyme regulation: Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase.

Subunit structure: The GTP-bound form interacts with CCPG1

By similarity. Interacts with CDC42EP1, CDC42EP2, CDC42EP3, CDC42EP4, CDC42EP5, CDC42SE1, CDC42SE2, PARD6A, PARD6B and PARD6G (in a GTP-dependent manner). Interacts with activated CSPG4 and with BAIAP2. Interacts with Zizimin1/DOCK9 and Zizimin2/DOCK11, which activate it by exchanging GDP for GTP. Interacts with NET1 and ARHGAP33/TCGAP. Part of a complex with PARD3, PARD6A or PARD6B and PRKCI or PRKCZ. Interacts with USP6. May interact with ARHGEF16; responsible for the activation of CDC42 by the viral protein HPV16 E6. Interacts with NEK6. Part of a collagen stimulated complex involved in cell migration composed of CDC42, CRK, TNK2 and BCAR1/p130cas. Interacts with ITGB1BP1. Interacts with ARHGDIA; this interaction inactivates and stabilizes CDC42. Ref.11 Ref.12 Ref.13 Ref.14 Ref.15 Ref.16 Ref.17 Ref.18 Ref.20 Ref.23 Ref.27 Ref.29 Ref.30

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side

Potential. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › microtubule organizing center › centrosome. Cytoplasm › cytoskeleton › spindle. Midbody. Note: Localizes to spindle during prometaphase cells. Moves to the central spindle as cells progressed through anaphase to telophase. Localizes at the end of cytokinesis in the intercellular bridge formed between two daughter cells. Its localization is regulated by the activities of guanine nucleotide exchange factor ECT2 and GTPase activating protein RACGAP1. Colocalizes with NEK6 in the centrosome. Ref.22 Ref.27

Post-translational modification: AMPylation at Tyr-32 and Thr-35 are mediated by bacterial enzymes in case of infection by H.somnus and V.parahaemolyticus, respectively. AMPylation occurs in the effector region and leads to inactivation of the GTPase activity by preventing the interaction with downstream effectors, thereby inhibiting actin assembly in infected cells. It is unclear whether some human enzyme mediates AMPylation; FICD has such ability in vitro but additional experiments remain to be done to confirm results in vivo.Phosphorylated by SRC in an EGF-dependent manner, this stimulates the binding of the Rho-GDP dissociation inhibitor RhoGDI. Ref.19

Sequence similarities: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. CDC42 subfamily.