DNMT1: an ubiquitous DNA methyltransferase that methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. It is responsible for maintaining methylation patterns established in development, and may play an active role in DNA damage repair. Mediates transcriptional repression by direct binding to HDAC2. Its abundance is reduced to non detectable levels at the G0 phase of the cell cycle and is dramatically induced upon entrance into the S-phase of the cell cycle. Interacts with HDAC1 and with PCNA. Forms a complex with DMAP1 and HDAC2, with direct interaction. Forms also a stable complex with E2F1, BB1 and HDAC1. Binds MBD2 and MBD3. Three isoforms of the human protein produced by alternative splicing have been described.
Protein type: Methyltransferase, DNA; EC 2.1.1.37; Cell development/differentiation; Methyltransferase; Transcription regulation; Amino Acid Metabolism - cysteine and methionine
Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 19p13.2
Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; centric heterochromatin; replication fork; nucleus
Molecular Function: DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase activity; protein binding; methyl-CpG binding; DNA binding; zinc ion binding; RNA binding; chromatin binding; DNA-methyltransferase activity; transcription factor binding
Biological Process: negative regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation; transcription, DNA-dependent; maintenance of DNA methylation; negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; DNA methylation; gene expression; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; chromatin modification; gene silencing; regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; DNA methylation on cytosine; regulation of cell proliferation
Disease: Cerebellar Ataxia, Deafness, And Narcolepsy, Autosomal Dominant; Neuropathy, Hereditary Sensory, Type Ie
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