FREM1 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes a basement membrane protein that may play a role in craniofacial and renal development. Mutations in this gene have been associated with bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. PubMed ID 19940113 describes one such variant that initiates transcription within a distinct, internal exon; the resulting shorter isoform (named Toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor regulator, TILRR) is suggested to be a co-receptor of the interleukin 1 receptor family and may regulate receptor function and Toll-like receptor/interleukin 1 receptor signal transduction, contributing to the control of inflammatory response activation. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2011]

FREM1: Extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in epidermal differentiation and is required for epidermal adhesion during embryonic development. Defects in FREM1 are the cause of bifid nose with or without anorectal and renal anomalies (BNAR). A bifid nose is a rare congenital deformity due to failure of the paired nasal processes to fuse to a single midline organ during early gestation. BNAR is an autosomal recessive disorder and patients usually present a bifid nose associated with renal and anorectal malformations. Defects in FREM1 are the cause of Manitoba oculotrichoanal syndrome (MOTA). MOTA is a rare condition defined by eyelid colobomas, cryptophthalmos, and anophthalmia/microphthalmia, an aberrant hairline, a bifid or broad nasal tip, and gastrointestinal anomalies such as omphalocele and anal stenosis. Defects in FREM1 are the cause of trigonocephaly type 2 (TRIGNO2). TRIGNO2 is a keel-shaped deformation of the forehead, caused by premature fusion of the metopic sutures. It results in a triangular shape of the head. Belongs to the FRAS1 family. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 9p22.3

Cellular Component: basement membrane; integral to membrane

Molecular Function: carbohydrate binding; metal ion binding

Biological Process: cell communication; cell-matrix adhesion

Disease: Bifid Nose With Or Without Anorectal And Renal Anomalies; Manitoba Oculotrichoanal Syndrome; Trigonocephaly 2