NOD2 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene is a member of the Nod1/Apaf-1 family and encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment (CARD) domains and six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The protein is primarily expressed in the peripheral blood leukocytes. It plays a role in the immune response to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by recognizing the muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derived from them and activating the NFKB protein. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Crohn disease and Blau syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

NOD2: Induces NF-kappa-B via RICK (CARDIAK, RIP2) and IKK- gamma. Confers responsiveness to intracellular bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Defects in NOD2 are the cause of Blau syndrome (BS). BS is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by early-onset granulomatous arthritis, uveitis and skin rash. Defects in NOD2 are a cause of susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease type 1 (IBD1). IBD1 is a chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with a complex etiology. It is subdivided into Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis phenotypes. Crohn disease may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, but most frequently it involves the terminal ileum and colon. Bowel inflammation is transmural and discontinuous; it may contain granulomas or be associated with intestinal or perianal fistulas. In contrast, in ulcerative colitis, the inflammation is continuous and limited to rectal and colonic mucosal layers; fistulas and granulomas are not observed. Both diseases include extraintestinal inflammation of the skin, eyes, or joints. Defects in NOD2 are the cause of sarcoidosis early-onset (EOS). EOS is a form of sarcoidosis manifesting in children younger than 4 years of age. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, systemic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of immune granulomas in involved organs. Granulomas predominantly invade the lungs and the lymphatic system, but also skin, liver, spleen, eyes and other organs may be involved. Early- onset sarcoidosis is quite rare and has a distinct triad of skin, joint and eye disorders, without apparent pulmonary involvement. Compared with an asymptomatic and sometimes naturally disappearing course of the disease in older children, early-onset sarcoidosis is progressive and in many cases causes severe complications, such as blindness, joint destruction and visceral involvement. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative initiation.

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 16q21

Cellular Component: signalosome; cell surface; protein complex; cytoskeleton; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; cytosol; vesicle

Molecular Function: protein binding; peptidoglycan binding; enzyme binding; CARD domain binding; protein kinase binding; ATP binding; muramyl dipeptide binding

Biological Process: activation of MAPK activity; positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation; maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium; stress-activated MAPK cascade; response to lipopolysaccharide; toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion; positive regulation of interleukin-10 production; activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor; negative regulation of interleukin-2 production; toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway; positive regulation of gamma-delta T cell activation; positive regulation of phagocytosis; JNK cascade; detection of muramyl dipeptide; cytokine production during immune response; detection of biotic stimulus; toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway; positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; negative regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of T-helper 2 type immune response; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; positive regulation of dendritic cell cytokine production; positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; protein oligomerization; negative regulation of interleukin-18 production; toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; innate immune response in mucosa; response to muramyl dipeptide; inhibition of NF-kappaB transcription factor; positive regulation of B cell activation; defense response to bacterium; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; negative regulation of T cell mediated immunity; positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process; detection of bacterium; positive regulation of interleukin-12 production; positive regulation of JNK cascade; defense response; positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade; toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway; response to exogenous dsRNA; negative regulation of interferon-gamma production; negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria; positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway; response to nutrient; positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin; MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity; negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production; immunoglobulin production during immune response; MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production; regulation of inflammatory response; toll-like receptor signaling pathway; innate immune response

Disease: Psoriatic Arthritis, Susceptibility To; Sarcoidosis, Early-onset; Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1; Blau Syndrome