Phorbolin 1/APOBEC3A (APOBEC3A) Antibody – Goat Polyclonal

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster, thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. The protein encoded by this gene lacks the zinc binding activity of other family members. The protein plays a role in immunity, by restricting transmission of foreign DNA such as viruses. One mechanism of foreign DNA restriction is deamination of foreign double-stranded DNA cytidines to uridines, which leads to DNA degradation. However, other mechanisms are also thought to be involved, as anti-viral effect is not dependent on deaminase activity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

APOBEC3A: a single-stranded DNA cytidine deaminase involved in foreign DNA clearance with restriction activity against viruses, foreign DNA and mobility of retrotransposons. Exhibits antiviral activity against adeno-associated virus (AAV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and can deaminate both methylcytosine and cytosine in foreign DNA. Can induce somatic C-to-U hypermutation in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation. Interacts with AGO2. Interacts with TRIB3. Expressed in peripheral leukocytes with higher expression in CD14-positive phagocytic cells. Highly expressed in keratinocytes and in periphery blood monocytes. Also detected in non-lymphoid tissues including lung and adipose tissues. Found at high levels in colorectal adenocarcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia. Up-regulated by interferon and CpG single-stranded DNA (at protein level). Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative initiation.

Protein type: Hydrolase; EC 3.5.4.-

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 22q13.1-q13.2

Cellular Component: cytoplasm; nucleoplasm; nucleus

Molecular Function: cytidine deaminase activity; deoxycytidine deaminase activity; protein binding; zinc ion binding

Biological Process: cytidine deamination; defense response to virus; innate immune response; negative regulation of viral genome replication