ECT2 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ECT2: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Promotes guanine nucleotide exchange on the Rho family members of small GTPases, like RHOA, RHOC, RAC1 and CDC42. Required for signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cytokinesis. Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates the translocation of RHOA from the central spindle to the equatorial region. Plays a role in the control of mitotic spindle assembly; regulates the activation of CDC42 in metaphase for the process of spindle fibers attachment to kinetochores before chromosome congression. Involved in the regulation of epithelial cell polarity; participates in the formation of epithelial tight junctions in a polarity complex PARD3-PARD6-protein kinase PRKCQ-dependent manner. Plays a role in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Inhibits phenobarbital (PB)- induced NR1I3 nuclear translocation. Stimulates the activity of RAC1 through its association with the oncogenic PARD6A-PRKCI complex in cancer cells, thereby acting to coordinately drive tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Also stimulates genotoxic stress-induced RHOB activity in breast cancer cells leading to their cell death. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; GEFs; GEFs, Rac/Rho

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3q26.1-q26.2

Cellular Component: nuclear membrane; tight junction; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; cytoplasm; midbody; intercellular junction; nucleus; cytosol; cleavage furrow

Molecular Function: signal transducer activity; protein binding; Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity; Rho GTPase binding; protein homodimerization activity; GTPase activator activity

Biological Process: positive regulation of cytokinesis; regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore; positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of apoptosis; cell morphogenesis; cytokinesis; protein transport; regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction; positive regulation of protein import into nucleus; small GTPase mediated signal transduction; activation of protein kinase activity; regulation of protein kinase activity; positive regulation of neuron differentiation; protein homooligomerization