OAS1 Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene encodes a member of the 2-5A synthetase family, essential proteins involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. The encoded protein is induced by interferons and uses adenosine triphosphate in 2'-specific nucleotidyl transfer reactions to synthesize 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5As). These molecules activate latent RNase L, which results in viral RNA degradation and the inhibition of viral replication. The three known members of this gene family are located in a cluster on chromosome 12. Mutations in this gene have been associated with host susceptibility to viral infection. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

OAS1: Interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated antiviral enzyme which plays a critical role in cellular innate antiviral response. In addition, it may also play a role in other cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and gene regulation. Synthesizes higher oligomers of 2'-5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A) from ATP which then bind to the inactive monomeric form of ribonuclease L (RNase L) leading to its dimerization and subsequent activation. Activation of RNase L leads to degradation of cellular as well as viral RNA, resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis, thus terminating viral replication. Can mediate the antiviral effect via the classical RNase L-dependent pathway or an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. The secreted form displays antiviral effect against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and stimulates the alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. Belongs to the 2-5A synthase family. 4 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Transferase; EC 2.7.7.84

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 12q24.2

Cellular Component: mitochondrion; endoplasmic reticulum; cytoplasm; extracellular region; cytosol; nucleus

Molecular Function: protein binding; zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; double-stranded RNA binding; ATP binding; 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity

Biological Process: negative regulation of viral genome replication; response to virus; cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway; glucose metabolic process; purine nucleotide biosynthetic process; glucose homeostasis; defense response to virus; protein oligomerization

Disease: Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-dependent