PTEN Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

This gene was identified as a tumor suppressor that is mutated in a large number of cancers at high frequency. The protein encoded by this gene is a phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase. It contains a tensin like domain as well as a catalytic domain similar to that of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Unlike most of the protein tyrosine phosphatases, this protein preferentially dephosphorylates phosphoinositide substrates. It negatively regulates intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in cells and functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating AKT/PKB signaling pathway. The use of a non-canonical (CUG) upstream initiation site produces a longer isoform that initiates translation with a leucine, and is thought to be preferentially associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. This longer isoform may help regulate energy metabolism in the mitochondria. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 9. Alternative splicing and the use of multiple translation start codons results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2015]

PTEN: a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase (PIP3) and a tumor suppressor implicated in a wide variety of human cancers. Dephosphorylates inositol phospholipids generated by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K). A major negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Possesses a C-terminal regulatory domain that contains three phosphorylation sites which may regulate its stability.

Protein type: Carbohydrate Metabolism - inositol phosphate; Phosphatase, lipid; EC 3.1.3.67; Motility/polarity/chemotaxis; Tumor suppressor; EC 3.1.3.48; EC 3.1.3.16; Nuclear receptor co-regulator

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 10q23.3

Cellular Component: PML body; internal side of plasma membrane; neuron projection; mitochondrion; extracellular region; dendritic spine; cytosol; nucleoplasm; postsynaptic membrane; cell projection; cytoplasm; plasma membrane; nucleus

Molecular Function: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding; magnesium ion binding; protein tyrosine phosphatase activity; protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity; protein kinase binding; PDZ domain binding; protein binding; enzyme binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity; lipid binding; phosphoprotein phosphatase activity

Biological Process: male mating behavior; central nervous system development; prepulse inhibition; nerve growth factor receptor signaling pathway; response to arsenic; heart development; regulation of cellular component size; anaphase-promoting complex activation during mitotic cell cycle; Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin; T cell receptor signaling pathway; regulation of B cell apoptosis; myelin maintenance in the central nervous system; response to glucose stimulus; negative regulation of axonogenesis; response to drug; rhythmic synaptic transmission; fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway; dentate gyrus development; negative regulation of myelination; social behavior; negative regulation of organ growth; forebrain morphogenesis; response to ethanol; response to zinc ion; inositol phosphate dephosphorylation; phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process; endothelial cell migration; positive regulation of transcription factor activity; multicellular organismal response to stress; negative regulation of apoptosis; negative regulation of phagocytosis; synapse maturation; inositol phosphate metabolic process; apoptosis; regulation of protein stability; locomotory behavior; platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of cell size; protein amino acid dephosphorylation; regulation of myeloid cell apoptosis; response to estradiol stimulus; negative regulation of cell proliferation; locomotor rhythm; synaptogenesis; learning and/or memory; negative regulation of protein amino acid phosphorylation; phospholipid metabolic process; positive regulation of cell proliferation; protein kinase B signaling cascade; brain morphogenesis; nerve-nerve synaptic transmission; angiogenesis; negative regulation of cell migration; response to nutrient; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; aging; epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; cardiac muscle development; cell migration; phosphoinositide-mediated signaling; negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade; protein stabilization; central nervous system neuron axonogenesis; maternal behavior; negative regulation of focal adhesion formation; memory; response to ATP; cell proliferation; G1/S-specific negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; phosphoinositide dephosphorylation; innate immune response; regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; negative regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade

Disease: Meningioma, Familial, Susceptibility To; Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant, Susceptibility To, 1; Thyroid Carcinoma, Follicular; Bannayan-riley-ruvalcaba Syndrome; Cowden Syndrome 1; Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Head And Neck; Glioma Susceptibility 2; Prostate Cancer; Endometrial Cancer; Vacterl Association With Hydrocephalus; Macrocephaly/autism Syndrome