ROCK1 Positive Control

This gene encodes a protein serine/threonine kinase that is activated when bound to the GTP-bound form of Rho. The small GTPase Rho regulates formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers of fibroblasts, as well as adhesion and aggregation of platelets and lymphocytes by shuttling between the inactive GDP-bound form and the active GTP-bound form. Rho is also essential in cytokinesis and plays a role in transcriptional activation by serum response factor. This protein, a downstream effector of Rho, phosphorylates and activates LIM kinase, which in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. A pseudogene, related to this gene, is also located on chromosome 18. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]

ROCK1: Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of DAPK3, GFAP, LIMK1, LIMK2, MYL9/MLC2, PFN1 and PPP1R12A. Phosphorylates FHOD1 and acts synergistically with it to promote SRC-dependent non-apoptotic plasma membrane blebbing. Phosphorylates JIP3 and regulates the recruitment of JNK to JIP3 upon UVB-induced stress. Acts as a suppressor of inflammatory cell migration by regulating PTEN phosphorylation and stability. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Required for centrosome positioning and centrosome-dependent exit from mitosis. Plays a role in terminal erythroid differentiation. May regulate closure of the eyelids and ventral body wall by inducing the assembly of actomyosin bundles. Promotes keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Homodimer. Interacts with RHOB, RHOC, MYLC2B snd PTEN. Interacts with RHOA (activated by GTP), CHORDC1, DAPK3, GEM, JIP3, RHOE, PPP1R12A, PFN1, LIMK1, LIMK2 and TSG101. Interacts with FHOD1 in a Src-dependent manner. Detected in blood platelets. Activated by RHOA binding. Inhibited by Y- 27632. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.

Protein type: Kinase, protein; EC 2.7.11.1; Protein kinase, AGC; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); AGC group; DMPK family; ROCK subfamily

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 18q11.1

Cellular Component: centriole; cytoskeleton; cytosol; Golgi membrane; lamellipodium; plasma membrane; ruffle

Molecular Function: ATP binding; GTP-Rho binding; metal ion binding; protein binding; protein kinase activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity

Biological Process: actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; bleb formation; cell structure disassembly during apoptosis; cortical actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; ephrin receptor signaling pathway; I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade; leukocyte adhesion; leukocyte migration; leukocyte tethering or rolling; membrane to membrane docking; myoblast migration; negative regulation of angiogenesis; negative regulation of neuron apoptosis; negative regulation of protein binding; positive regulation of focal adhesion formation; protein amino acid phosphorylation; regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization and biogenesis; regulation of cell adhesion; regulation of focal adhesion formation; regulation of keratinocyte differentiation; regulation of stress fiber formation; Rho protein signal transduction; signal transduction; smooth muscle contraction; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway