PKD2 Human Protein

PKD2: Involved in fluid-flow mechanosensation by the primary cilium in renal epithelium. PKD1 and PKD2 may function through a common signaling pathway that is necessary for normal tubulogenesis. Acts as a regulator of cilium length, together with PKD1. The dynamic control of cilium length is essential in the regulation of mechanotransductive signaling. The cilium length response creates a negative feedback loop whereby fluid shear-mediated deflection of the primary cilium, which decreases intracellular cAMP, leads to cilium shortening and thus decreases flow-induced signaling. Functions as a calcium permeable cation channel. Defects in PKD2 are the cause of polycystic kidney disease autosomal dominant type 2 (ADPKD2). ADPKD2 is a disorder characterized by progressive formation and enlargement of cysts in both kidneys, typically leading to end-stage renal disease in adult life. Cysts also occurs in the liver and other organs. It represents approximately 15% of the cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. ADPKD2 is clinically milder than ADPKD1 but it has a deleterious impact on overall life expectancy. Belongs to the polycystin family. 5 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Membrane protein, integral; Channel, cation; Membrane protein, multi-pass

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 4q22.1

Cellular Component: filamentous actin; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; nonmotile primary cilium; endoplasmic reticulum; integral to plasma membrane; lamellipodium; cytoplasm; basal plasma membrane; plasma membrane; motile primary cilium; intercellular junction; basal cortex; cilium

Molecular Function: voltage-gated cation channel activity; actinin binding; identical protein binding; protein homodimerization activity; phosphoprotein binding; voltage-gated ion channel activity; calcium ion binding; muscle alpha-actinin binding; ATPase binding; calcium-induced calcium release activity; voltage-gated calcium channel activity; protein binding; potassium channel activity; voltage-gated sodium channel activity; cytoskeletal protein binding; HLH domain binding; receptor binding

Biological Process: neural tube development; positive regulation of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor activity; embryonic placenta development; cytoplasmic sequestering of transcription factor; positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; regulation of cAMP metabolic process; heart development; detection of mechanical stimulus; JAK-STAT cascade; liver development; G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; regulation of cell proliferation; negative regulation of cell proliferation; ureteric bud branching; spinal cord development; release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol; calcium ion transport; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; heart looping; cell cycle arrest; determination of left/right symmetry; centrosome duplication

Disease: Polycystic Kidney Disease 2