GLI3 Human Recombinant Protein

This gene encodes a protein which belongs to the C2H2-type zinc finger proteins subclass of the Gli family. They are characterized as DNA-binding transcription factors and are mediators of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling. The protein encoded by this gene localizes in the cytoplasm and activates patched Drosophila homolog (PTCH) gene expression. It is also thought to play a role during embryogenesis. Mutations in this gene have been associated with several diseases, including Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, preaxial polydactyly type IV, and postaxial polydactyly types A1 and B. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GLI3: Has a dual function as a transcriptional activator and a repressor of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, and plays a role in limb development. The full-length GLI3 form (GLI3FL) after phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, acts as an activator (GLI3A) while GLI3R, its C-terminally truncated form, acts as a repressor. A proper balance between the GLI3 activator and the repressor GLI3R, rather than the repressor gradient itself or the activator/repressor ratio gradient, specifies limb digit number and identity. In concert with TRPS1, plays a role in regulating the size of the zone of distal chondrocytes, in restricting the zone of PTHLH expression in distal cells and in activating chondrocyte proliferation. Binds to the minimal GLI-consensus sequence 5'-GGGTGGTC-3'. Defects in GLI3 are the cause of Greig cephalo-poly- syndactyly syndrome (GCPS). GCPS is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting limb and craniofacial development. It is characterized by pre- and postaxial polydactyly, syndactyly of fingers and toes, macrocephaly and hypertelorism. Defects in GLI3 are a cause of Pallister-Hall syndrome (PHS). PHS is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. It mainly associates central or postaxial polydactyly, syndactyly, and hypothalamic hamartoma. Malformations are frequent in the viscera, e.g. anal atresia, bifid uvula, congenital heart malformations, pulmonary or renal dysplasia. It is an autosomal dominant disorder. Defects in GLI3 are a cause of polydactyly postaxial type A1 (PAPA1). A trait characterized by an extra digit in the ulnar and/or fibular side of the upper and/or lower extremities. The extra digit is well formed and articulates with the fifth, or extra, metacarpal/metatarsal, and thus it is usually functional. Defects in GLI3 are a cause of polydactyly postaxial type B polydactyly (PAPB). A trait characterized by an extra digit in the ulnar and/or fibular side of the upper and/or lower extremities. The extra digit is not well formed and is frequently in the form of a skin. Defects in GLI3 are a cause of polydactyly preaxial type 4 (POP4). Polydactyly preaxial type 4 (i.e. polydactyly on the radial/tibial side of the hand/foot) covers a heterogeneous group of entities. In preaxial polydactyly type IV, the thumb shows only the mildest degree of duplication, and syndactyly of various degrees affects fingers 3 and 4. Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.

Protein type: Transcription factor; C2H2-type zinc finger protein

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 7p13

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; transcriptional repressor complex; cytoplasm; nuclear speck; Srb-mediator complex; nucleus; cytosol; cilium

Molecular Function: histone acetyltransferase binding; protein binding; histone deacetylase binding; metal ion binding; beta-catenin binding; chromatin binding; transcription factor activity

Biological Process: developmental growth; radial glial cell differentiation in the forebrain; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; heart development; T cell differentiation in the thymus; anterior/posterior pattern formation; embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis; oligodendrocyte differentiation; lateral ganglionic eminence cell proliferation; embryonic gut development; positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation; transcription, DNA-dependent; optic nerve morphogenesis; negative thymic T cell selection; negative regulation of neuron differentiation; camera-type eye morphogenesis; positive regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; response to estrogen stimulus; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; embryonic digit morphogenesis; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; metanephros development; smoothened signaling pathway involved in spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification; negative regulation of apoptosis; tongue development; axon guidance; wound healing; forebrain dorsal/ventral pattern formation; palate development; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; nose morphogenesis; negative regulation of cell proliferation; melanocyte differentiation; smoothened signaling pathway involved in ventral spinal cord interneuron specification; proximal/distal pattern formation; smoothened signaling pathway; in utero embryonic development; hippocampus development; limb morphogenesis; odontogenesis of dentine-containing teeth; embryonic skeletal morphogenesis; positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation; positive regulation of protein import into nucleus; cerebral cortex radial glia guided migration; ureteric bud branching; negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway; protein processing; hindgut morphogenesis; positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation; negative regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation; lung development

Disease: Polydactyly, Postaxial, Type A1; Hypothalamic Hamartomas; Pallister-hall Syndrome; Polydactyly, Preaxial Iv; Tracheoesophageal Fistula With Or Without Esophageal Atresia; Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome