PEX19 Human Recombinant Protein

This gene is necessary for early peroxisomal biogenesis. It acts both as a cytosolic chaperone and as an import receptor for peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). Peroxins (PEXs) are proteins that are essential for the assembly of functional peroxisomes. The peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive, lethal diseases characterized by multiple defects in peroxisome function. These disorders have at least 14 complementation groups, with more than one phenotype being observed for some complementation groups. Although the clinical features of PBD patients vary, cells from all PBD patients exhibit a defect in the import of one or more classes of peroxisomal matrix proteins into the organelle. Defects in this gene are a cause of Zellweger syndrome (ZWS), as well as peroxisome biogenesis disorder complementation group 14 (PBD-CG14), which is also known as PBD-CGJ. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

PEX19: Necessary for early peroxisomal biogenesis. Acts both as a cytosolic chaperone and as an import receptor for peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). Binds and stabilizes newly synthesized PMPs in the cytoplasm by interacting with their hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains, and targets them to the peroxisome membrane by binding to the integral membrane protein PEX3. Excludes CDKN2A from the nucleus and prevents its interaction with MDM2, which results in active degradation of TP53. Defects in PEX19 are the cause of peroxisome biogenesis disorder complementation group 14 (PBD-CG14); also known as PBD-CGJ. PBD refers to a group of peroxisomal disorders arising from a failure of protein import into the peroxisomal membrane or matrix. The PBD group is comprised of four disorders: Zellweger syndrome (ZWS), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), infantile Refsum disease (IRD), and classical rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP). ZWS, NALD and IRD are distinct from RCDP and constitute a clinical continuum of overlapping phenotypes known as the Zellweger spectrum. The PBD group is genetically heterogeneous with at least 14 distinct genetic groups as concluded from complementation studies. Defects in PEX19 are a cause of Zellweger syndrome (ZWS). ZWS is a fatal peroxisome biogenesis disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, hepatomegaly, ocular abnormalities, renal cysts, hearing impairment, profound psychomotor retardation, severe hypotonia and neonatal seizures. Death occurs within the first year of life. Belongs to the peroxin-19 family. 5 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Membrane protein, integral; Chaperone

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1q23.2

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; peroxisomal membrane; protein complex; intracellular membrane-bound organelle; brush border membrane; cytoplasm; integral to membrane; peroxisome; nucleus; cytosol

Molecular Function: protein binding; protein N-terminus binding; ATPase binding

Biological Process: peroxisome fission; protein stabilization; peroxisome organization and biogenesis; protein targeting to peroxisome; peroxisome membrane biogenesis; protein import into peroxisome membrane; transmembrane transport

Disease: Peroxisome Biogenesis Disorder 12a (zellweger)