CCNH siRNA – Cyclin-H Isoform 1 (Human)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, thus functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

CCNH: Regulates CDK7, the catalytic subunit of the CDK- activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminus domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. Its expression and activity are constant throughout the cell cycle. Associates primarily with CDK7 and MAT1 to form the CAK complex. CAK can further associate with the core-TFIIH to form the TFIIH basal transcription factor. Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin C subfamily.

Protein type: Cell cycle regulation

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 5q13.3-q14

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; holo TFIIH complex; nucleus; cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex

Molecular Function: RNA polymerase subunit kinase activity; DNA-dependent ATPase activity; protein binding; cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulator activity; protein kinase binding

Biological Process: transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; viral reproduction; positive regulation of viral transcription; transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter; RNA elongation from RNA polymerase I promoter; DNA repair; termination of RNA polymerase I transcription; regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; protein amino acid phosphorylation; mRNA capping; nucleotide-excision repair; negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic; transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair; RNA elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter; nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage removal; positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; gene expression; regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity; mitotic cell cycle; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase I promoter; G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle; G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle