PPARD siRNA – Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta Isoform 1 (Human)

This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that bind peroxisome proliferators and control the size and number of peroxisomes produced by cells. PPARs mediate a variety of biological processes, and may be involved in the development of several chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This protein is a potent inhibitor of ligand-induced transcription activity of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma. It may function as an integrator of transcription repression and nuclear receptor signaling. The expression of this gene is found to be elevated in colorectal cancer cells. The elevated expression can be repressed by adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), a tumor suppressor protein related to APC/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role of this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

PPAR-delta: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand. Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily. 3 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.

Protein type: Nuclear receptor; DNA-binding

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 6p21.2

Cellular Component: nucleoplasm; nucleus

Molecular Function: NF-kappaB binding; ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity; protein binding; DNA binding; zinc ion binding; sequence-specific DNA binding; transcription coactivator activity; steroid hormone receptor activity; drug binding; lipid binding; transcription factor activity

Biological Process: proteoglycan metabolic process; wound healing; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; heart development; positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process; positive regulation of epidermis development; negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; glucose transport; negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; decidualization; positive regulation of vasodilation; vitamin A metabolic process; response to vitamin A; positive regulation of cell proliferation; response to glucose stimulus; axon ensheathment; cell differentiation; negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; cholesterol metabolic process; transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; intracellular receptor-mediated signaling pathway; glucose metabolic process; positive regulation of insulin secretion; keratinocyte proliferation; fatty acid catabolic process; cell-substrate adhesion; keratinocyte migration; phospholipid biosynthetic process; positive regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase cascade; regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; cell proliferation; fatty acid beta-oxidation; negative regulation of inflammatory response; mRNA transcription; positive regulation of fat cell differentiation; gene expression; steroid hormone mediated signaling; response to activity; negative regulation of cell growth; lipid metabolic process; negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; fatty acid transport; embryo implantation; negative regulation of apoptosis