ATR Antibody – Rabbit Polyclonal

The protein encoded by this gene belongs the PI3/PI4-kinase family, and is most closely related to ATM, a protein kinase encoded by the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia. This protein and ATM share similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad3, a cell cycle checkpoint gene required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate checkpoint kinase CHK1, checkpoint proteins RAD17, and RAD9, as well as tumor suppressor protein BRCA1. Mutations of this gene are associated with Seckel syndrome. An alternatively spliced transcript variant of this gene has been reported, however, its full length nature is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA sites exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ATR: a ser/thr kinase of the PIKK family most closely related to ATM. Activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]Q. Phosphorylates BRCA1, Chk1, MCM2, RAD17, RPA2, SMC1 and p53, which collectively inhibit DNA replication and mitosis and promote DNA repair, recombination and apoptosis. Phosphorylates 'Ser-139' of histone variant H2AX/H2AFX at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. Required for FANCD2 ubiquitination. Critical for maintenance of fragile site stability and efficient regulation of centrosome duplication.

Protein type: Kinase, lipid; EC 2.7.11.1; Protein kinase, Ser/Thr (non-receptor); Membrane protein, integral; Protein kinase, atypical; Kinase, protein; ATYPICAL group; PIKK family; ATR subfamily

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 3q23

Cellular Component: XY body; nucleoplasm; Golgi apparatus; PML body; chromosome

Molecular Function: protein dimerization activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; protein binding; DNA binding; MutLalpha complex binding; MutSalpha complex binding; ATP binding; protein kinase activity

Biological Process: response to drug; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; negative regulation of DNA replication; multicellular organismal development; protein amino acid autophosphorylation; regulation of protein binding; DNA damage checkpoint; positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator; DNA replication; cell cycle; DNA repair; response to DNA damage stimulus; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination

Disease: Seckel Syndrome 1; Cutaneous Telangiectasia And Cancer Syndrome, Familial