APOA5 Human Recombinant Protein

The protein encoded by this gene is an apolipoprotein that plays an important role in regulating the plasma triglyceride levels, a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. It is a component of high density lipoprotein and is highly similar to a rat protein that is upregulated in response to liver injury. Mutations in this gene have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipoproteinemia type 5. This gene is located proximal to the apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 11q23. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

APOA5: Minor apolipoprotein mainly associated with HDL and to a lesser extent with VLDL. May also be associated with chylomicrons. Important determinant of plasma triglyceride (TG) levels by both being a potent stimulator of apo-CII lipoprotein lipase (LPL) TG hydrolysis and a inhibitor of the hepatic VLDL-TG production rate (without affecting the VLDL-apoB production rate). Activates poorly lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and does not enhance efflux of cholesterol from macrophages. Interacts with GPIHBP1. Up-regulated by PPARA agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum TG (such as fibrates). Liver and plasma. Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.

Protein type: Lipid-binding; Secreted; Secreted, signal peptide

Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 11q23

Cellular Component: extracellular space; chylomicron; extracellular region

Molecular Function: heparin binding; enzyme binding; low-density lipoprotein receptor binding; cholesterol transporter activity; enzyme activator activity; cholesterol binding; phospholipid binding; phosphatidylcholine binding; lipid binding

Biological Process: positive regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process; organ regeneration; response to hormone stimulus; neurite regeneration; lipoprotein metabolic process; positive regulation of lipid catabolic process; cholesterol efflux; cellular lipid metabolic process; lipid transport; cholesterol biosynthetic process; positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis; phosphatidylcholine metabolic process; cholesterol homeostasis; reverse cholesterol transport; triacylglycerol metabolic process; phospholipid efflux; regulation of cholesterol absorption; tissue regeneration; acylglycerol homeostasis; triacylglycerol catabolic process; positive regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity

Disease: Hypertriglyceridemia, Familial; Hyperlipoproteinemia, Type V